PLASTIC WASTE: India tightens rules, mandates recycled content in packaging

India has tightened its plastic waste rules, marking a stronger push to reduce pollution and improve recycling across the country. The government’s latest updates to the Plastic Waste Management framework introduce stricter requirements for businesses, especially under the Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) system.

A key change is the mandatory use of recycled plastic in packaging. Producers, importers and brand owners will now have to not only meet recycling targets but also ensure that a portion of their packaging contains recycled material. New labelling rules will also require companies to clearly mention the recycled content used, improving transparency for consumers.

This move signals a shift in policy focus. Earlier, the emphasis was mainly on collecting and recycling plastic waste. Now, companies are being pushed to actually use recycled materials, helping to create a circular economy where plastic is reused instead of discarded.

The decision comes as India generates over 3.4 million tonnes of plastic waste every year, with a large share still not fully recycled. More than 60,000 companies are already registered under the EPR system, showing the scale at which these rules will apply.

Industries such as FMCG, food and beverage, and e-commerce, which depend heavily on plastic packaging, are expected to be most affected. These sectors may need to redesign packaging, find reliable sources of recycled plastic, and invest in better recycling systems.

The government has also tightened compliance rules. Companies can no longer rely heavily on disposal methods to meet their EPR targets, and must focus more on recycling. A centralised online portal is being used to track compliance, making the system more transparent and accountable.

While the new rules are expected to boost recycling and create opportunities for waste management businesses, challenges remain. The supply of high-quality recycled plastic is still limited, and costs could rise, especially for small businesses. Better collection and segregation systems are also needed.

Overall, India is moving towards a more sustainable and circular approach to plastic use. However, experts say that along with stricter rules, reducing overall plastic consumption will also be key to solving the problem.